Function of piston rings
2025-08-22
The functions of piston rings include sealing, regulating engine oil (oil control), heat conduction (heat transfer), and guiding (supporting). Sealing: refers to sealing the gas to prevent the combustion chamber gases from leaking into the crankcase, minimizing gas leakage and improving thermal efficiency. Leakage not only reduces engine power but also causes oil deterioration, which is the main task of the gas ring; Regulating engine oil (oil control): scrapes off excess lubricating oil from the cylinder wall while leaving a thin oil film on the cylinder wall to ensure normal lubrication of the cylinder, piston, and rings, which is the main task of the oil ring.
In modern high-speed engines, particular attention is paid to the piston ring's role in controlling the oil film; Heat conduction: transfers the heat from the piston to the cylinder liner through the piston ring, thus providing a cooling effect. According to reliable data, 70–80% of the heat received by the piston crown in non-cooled pistons is dissipated through the piston ring to the cylinder wall, while in cooled pistons, 30–40% is dissipated this way; Supporting: the piston ring keeps the piston centered in the cylinder, preventing direct contact between the piston and cylinder wall, ensuring smooth piston movement, reducing friction resistance, and preventing piston slap. Generally, gasoline engine pistons use two gas rings and one oil ring, while diesel engines usually use two oil rings and one gas ring.
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